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Table of Contents
-
Introduction
- Background and Overview
- Chemical Structure and Classification
-
History and Research
- Discovery and Investigation
- Notable Researchers and Findings
- Market Presence and Legal Status
-
Pharmacology
- 5-HT2A Receptor Interaction
- Derivative of LSD
- Dosage Guidelines
-
Subjective Effects
- Disclaimer: Subjective Effect Index (SEI)
- Variability and Caution
- Cognitive, Visual, and Multi-sensory Effects
-
Combination Effects
- Cannabis
- Dissociatives
- MDMA
- Alcohol
- Benzodiazepines
- Psychedelics
-
Toxicity and Harm Potential
- Lack of Scientific Study
- Unknown Toxic Dose
- Anecdotal Evidence
- Harm Reduction Practices
- Dependence and Abuse Potential
- Tolerance Buildup
- Dangerous Interactions
- Legal Status
Introduction
N-Propylnorlysergic Acid N,N-Diethylamide (PRO-LAD), alternatively known as 6-Propyl-6-nor-lysergic acid diethylamide, N-PropylnorLSD, or simply PRO-LAD, belongs to the lysergamide class of psychedelic substances. This structural analog of LSD shares its lineage with other LSD analogs like AL-LAD and ETH-LAD.
Historical Context
In 1984, PRO-LAD entered the realms of scientific inquiry through the work of Andrew J. Hoffman and David E. Nichols, who explored it as part of a series of LSD analogs. Alexander Shulgin later acknowledged it as an LSD analog in his book TiHKAL ("Tryptamines I Have Known and Loved"). Reports suggest PRO-LAD's effects include humor enhancement, clarity in thinking, and a notable absence of cosmic experiences.
Market Presence
With similarities to LSD, PRO-LAD found its way into the online research chemical market. Alongside lysergamides like 1P-LSD and AL-LAD, PRO-LAD offered a legal, grey-market alternative to LSD.
Psychoactive Effects
The subjective effects of PRO-LAD mirror those of LSD, encompassing open and closed-eye visuals, time distortion, enhanced introspection, ego loss, and euphoria. It is reported to be nearly as potent as LSD, with an active dose ranging between 100 and 200 micrograms.
Pharmacological Aspects
Despite its intriguing properties, limited data exists regarding PRO-LAD's pharmacology, metabolism, and toxicity. The substance has a scant history of human usage, emphasizing the importance of employing harm reduction practices for those who choose to explore its effects.
Chemical Structure
PRO-LAD, a semisynthetic alkaloid of the lysergamide family, stands out with its chiral nature, possessing two stereocenters at R5 and R8. Also known as (+)-D-PRO-LAD, it exhibits an absolute configuration of (5R, 8R). The compound's core structure, an ergoline derivative, blends tryptamine and phenethylamine groups, primarily classified as a tryptamine. Diverging from LSD, PRO-LAD features a propyl chain instead of a methyl group at R6, differentiating it from its analog ETH-LAD, which has an ethyl substitution at the same position.
Pharmacology
5-HT2A Receptor Interaction
PRO-LAD is postulated to act as a 5-HT2A partial agonist, with its psychedelic effects believed to stem from interactions with these receptors. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these interactions and their manifestation in the psychedelic experience remain subjects of ongoing scientific inquiry.
Derivative of LSD
Being a derivative of LSD, PRO-LAD shares pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic similarities with its predecessor. Nevertheless, it diverges in certain aspects. The addition of two carbons to the methyl group at R6, resulting in a propyl chain, may influence PRO-LAD's absorption rate. This variation can lead to differences in initial onset and peak effects, potentially contributing to the substance's higher threshold and common dosage ranges.
Dosage
Understanding the dosage parameters is crucial for safe exploration of PRO-LAD. The following dosage categories provide a guideline for users:
Threshold
- 20 µg
Light
- 50 - 100 µg
Common
- 100 - 200 µg
Strong
- 200 - 350 µg
Heavy
- 350 µg +
These dosage ranges offer a spectrum for users to gauge their experience with PRO-LAD, emphasizing the importance of careful consideration and adherence to recommended thresholds for a balanced and controlled psychedelic encounter.
Subjective Effects
Disclaimer: Subjective Effect Index (SEI)
The subjective effects of PRO-LAD are documented using the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), a compilation based on anecdotal user reports and the personal analyses of PsychonautWiki contributors. While providing valuable insights, these effects should be approached with a degree of skepticism, considering the open research nature of SEI.
Variability and Caution
It is crucial to recognize that the listed effects may not unfold predictably or reliably. The likelihood of experiencing the full spectrum of effects increases with higher doses. However, this escalation also raises the potential for adverse effects. Adverse outcomes, including but not limited to addiction, severe injury, or even death ☠, become more probable at elevated doses.
Disclaimer
A critical reminder: the information presented here is based on subjective experiences and open research. Users are urged to exercise caution, adhere to recommended dosage guidelines, and be aware of the potential risks associated with the use of PRO-LAD. Understanding the subjective effects is paramount for a safe and informed exploration of this novel psychedelic substance.
Physical Effects
Spontaneous Bodily Sensations
The "body high" induced by PRO-LAD is notably pronounced, overshadowing its visual and cognitive effects. Similar to LSD, users may experience fast-moving, sharp, and location-specific or generalized tingling sensations. However, these sensations are not universally pleasant and often manifest neutrally. For some, these sensations arise spontaneously at unpredictable points during the trip, while for others, they maintain a consistent presence that intensifies with the onset and peaks during the experience, described by users as feeling "artificial" or "mechanical."
Physical Euphoria
While physical euphoria can accompany spontaneous bodily sensations, it is not as consistent as observed with LSD.
Other Physical Effects
- Stimulation
- Perception of Bodily Lightness
- Bodily Control Enhancement
- Stamina Enhancement: Generally mild in comparison to traditional stimulants.
- Headaches
- Nausea
- Appetite Suppression
- Dehydration
- Difficulty Urinating or Frequent Urination
- Temperature Regulation Suppression
- Increased Bodily Temperature
- Increased Blood Pressure
- Increased Heart Rate
- Increased Perspiration
- Muscle Contractions
- Muscle Cramps
- Muscle Spasms
- Olfactory Hallucination
- Mouth Numbing
- Excessive Yawning
- Watery Eyes
- Pupil Dilation
- Vasoconstriction
- Wakefulness
- Teeth Grinding: Less intense compared to substances like MDMA, more readily occurring than related substances like LSD.
- Seizure: A very rare effect, potentially occurring in predisposed individuals, especially under physically taxing conditions. Notably, no documented cases of seizures with this compound exist to date.
Understanding these physical effects is imperative for users navigating the landscape of PRO-LAD, ensuring a more informed and safer psychedelic experience.
Cognitive Effects
Style and Pace of Thought Stream
Compared to other psychedelics, PRO-LAD, similar to LSD, is often described as more slow-paced, generating thought streams with a distinctive style. At moderate to high doses, it may lead to cognitive and sensory processing overload for reasons not yet understood.
Prominent Cognitive Effects
- Analysis Enhancement
- Anxiety & Paranoia
- Personal Bias Suppression
- Novelty Enhancement
- Conceptual Thinking
- Introspection
- Immersion Enhancement
- Increased Music Appreciation
- Increased Sense of Humor
- Laughter Fits
- Thought Acceleration
- Thought Connectivity
- Thought Loops
- Language Suppression
- Memory Suppression
- Ego Death
- Confusion
- Déjà vu
- Time Distortion
- Wakefulness
Auditory Effects
- Auditory Enhancement
- Auditory Distortion
- Auditory Hallucination
These cognitive effects provide a comprehensive understanding of the diverse mental experiences associated with PRO-LAD use, offering valuable insights for users seeking a deeper comprehension of the substance's impact on cognition and perception.
Visual Effects
Enhancements
- Improved perception of colors, patterns, and visual acuity.
Distortions
- Drifting, color shifting, depth perception distortions, and more.
Visual Geometry
- Complex, algorithmic, brightly lit, and intricately patterned visuals, resembling MET or 2C-E more than other psychedelics. Varies in intensity and may reach Level 8A or Level 8B at higher dosages.
Hallucinatory States
- Transformations, both internal and external hallucinations, involving entities, landscapes, and scenarios.
Understanding the comprehensive spectrum of physical and visual effects is vital for users navigating the unique landscape of PRO-LAD, promoting a safer and informed psychedelic experience.
Multi-sensory Effects
Synaesthesia
- A rare and non-reproducible effect, synaesthesia can manifest more prominently among individuals predisposed to synaesthetic states. Dosage escalation may increase the likelihood but doesn't guarantee its occurrence.
Transpersonal Effects
Overview
- The rarest and least reproducible effects during a PRO-LAD experience, transpersonal effects are distinct in that increasing the substance dosage doesn't necessarily heighten the chances of their occurrence. These effects rely more on contextual factors, such as the user's set and setting, than the substance or dose itself.
Spirituality Enhancement
- A heightened sense of spiritual connection and understanding.
Existential Self-Realization
- Profound realizations about one's existence and place in the universe.
Feelings of Interdependent Opposites
- Sensations of opposites coexisting in a harmonious and interconnected manner.
Perception of Eternalism
- Altered perception of time, embracing a sense of the eternal.
Feelings of Self-Design
- An enhanced awareness of one's role in shaping their own reality.
Unity and Interconnectedness
- A profound sense of oneness and interconnectedness with the universe.
These multi-sensory and transpersonal effects contribute to the diverse and profound nature of the PRO-LAD experience. Users should approach these dimensions with a mindful understanding of their rarity and the nuanced factors influencing their manifestation.
Cannabis
Intensification and Extension
- Combining PRO-LAD with cannabis amplifies both visual and cognitive effects efficiently. Extreme caution is advised for inexperienced users, as this combination can lead to significantly more intense visual trips. However, it may also amplify anxiety, confusion, and psychosis aspects, especially when using THC concentrates.
Dissociatives
Enhanced Effects
- Combining PRO-LAD with dissociatives enhances geometric visuals, euphoria, dissociation, and hallucinatory effects. Dissociative-induced holes and voids are more vivid when paired with PRO-LAD, resulting in intensified internal hallucinations and confusion.
MDMA
Amplification of Effects
- Combining PRO-LAD with MDMA enhances physical and cognitive effects of both substances. The synergy manifests in overwhelming euphoria, uniquely pleasurable body highs, headspaces, and vivid, awe-inspiring visuals. Caution is advised due to potential neurotoxicity, and starting with lower dosages is recommended.
Alcohol
Caution and Consideration
- Combining PRO-LAD with alcohol is not typically recommended due to potential dehydration, depression, and thought disorganization. While low doses are reasonably safe and may take the edge off a trip, higher dosages can negatively affect the psychedelic experience. Responsible use is crucial.
Benzodiazepines
Intensity Reduction
- When combined with benzodiazepines, PRO-LAD's cognitive, physical, and visual effects can be slightly to completely reduced, serving as an efficient means to stop a bad trip. However, caution is advised due to the high addiction potential of benzodiazepines.
Psychedelics
Strong Synergy
- Combining PRO-LAD with other psychedelics intensifies each drug's effects, creating a strong synergy. However, the unpredictability of this interaction makes it generally not advised. If users choose to combine psychedelics, starting with lower dosages than they would take individually is recommended.
Understanding the nuances of combining PRO-LAD with other substances is crucial for users seeking diverse experiences. Caution, responsible dosages, and awareness of potential interactions are essential for a safe and enjoyable psychedelic journey.
Toxicity and Harm Potential
Lack of Scientific Study
- The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational PRO-LAD remain unstudied in scientific contexts due to its status as a research chemical with minimal human usage history.
Unknown Toxic Dose
- The exact toxic dose of PRO-LAD is unknown, adding to the complexity of understanding its potential risks.
Anecdotal Evidence
- Anecdotal evidence from the psychonaut community suggests no negative health effects at low to moderate doses. However, caution is advised, and independent research should precede substance combinations.
Harm Reduction Practices
- Strongly recommended to employ harm reduction practices when using PRO-LAD, given the limited available information.
Dependence and Abuse Potential
Habit-Forming Potential
- While no formal studies exist, PRO-LAD is likely not habit-forming. It may even exhibit a self-regulating aspect, decreasing the desire for repeated administration.
Tolerance Buildup
- Immediate tolerance to PRO-LAD effects occurs after ingestion, requiring 5-7 days for a 50% reduction and 14 days to return to baseline in the absence of further consumption. Cross-tolerance with all psychedelics is observed.
Dangerous Interactions
Warning
- Caution is crucial as seemingly safe substances can become dangerous when combined. Conduct independent research to ensure safety.
Known Dangerous Interactions
- Lithium, cannabis, stimulants, and tramadol are listed as potentially dangerous when combined with PRO-LAD, leading to increased risks of psychosis, seizures, anxiety, paranoia, panic attacks, and thought loops.
Legal Status
Austria
- Not technically illegal, but may fall under the Neue-Psychoaktive-Substanzen-Gesetz Österreich as an LSD analogue.
Germany
- Controlled under the New Psychoactive Substances Act since July 18, 2019.
Latvia
- Illegal due to an amendment on June 1, 2015, treating PRO-LAD as an LSD structural analog.
Switzerland
- Added to the list of controlled substances on December 1, 2015, under Verzeichnis E.
United Kingdom
- Classified as a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act as of January 7, 2015.
Navigating the toxicity, dependence, and legal aspects of PRO-LAD requires careful consideration and adherence to harm reduction practices. Users should stay informed and exercise caution when engaging with this psychedelic substance.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Q1: What is PRO-LAD, and how does it relate to LSD?
- A: PRO-LAD is a psychedelic substance, structurally similar to LSD, belonging to the lysergamide class. It is often considered an analog of LSD.
Q2: Are there documented health effects of PRO-LAD?
- A: Scientific studies on PRO-LAD's health effects are limited. Anecdotal evidence suggests no negative effects at low to moderate doses, but caution is advised.
Q3: Can PRO-LAD be habit-forming?
- A: While no formal studies exist, PRO-LAD is unlikely to be habit-forming. It may possess intrinsic self-regulating aspects.
Q4: What is the recommended dosage of PRO-LAD?
- A: Dosages range from 20 µg (threshold) to 350 µg and beyond (heavy). Caution is essential, and individual tolerance varies.
Q5: Are there potential dangers in combining PRO-LAD with other substances?
- A: Yes, dangerous interactions may occur with substances like lithium, cannabis, stimulants, tramadol, and more. Independent research is crucial.
Q6: How is PRO-LAD legally classified in various countries?
- A: Legal status varies; for example, it's controlled in Germany, illegal in Latvia, and a Class A drug in the United Kingdom.
Q7: What harm reduction practices should be followed when using PRO-LAD?
- A: It is strongly recommended to use harm reduction practices, including cautious dosing, understanding potential interactions, and ensuring a safe environment.
Q8: How long does it take for tolerance to PRO-LAD to subside?
- A: Tolerance builds almost immediately after ingestion, takes 5-7 days for a 50% reduction, and 14 days to return to baseline in the absence of further consumption.
To prepare the content, the following materials were used:
- FDA Substance Registration System
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
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