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Table of Contents
- Introduction
- Chemistry of Escaline
- Pharmacology of Escaline
- Subjective Effects of Escaline
- Physical Effects
- Visual Effects
- Cognitive Effects
- Auditory Effects
- Transpersonal Effects
- Dosage Guidelines
- Toxicity and Harm Potential
- Tolerance and Addiction Potential
- Dangerous Interactions
- Legal Status
- FAQ
Introduction to Escaline
3,5-Dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, commonly known as Escaline, stands as a synthetic psychedelic substance belonging to the phenethylamine chemical class. When administered, it induces psychedelic effects, sharing structural similarities with mescaline, thus sharing common properties.
Synthesis and Discovery
Escaline's initial synthesis and documentation in scientific literature trace back to Benington, et al., in 1954. However, its comprehensive examination occurred later in the laboratory of David E. Nichols. Nichols synthesized a range of mescaline analogues, including proscaline, jimscaline, isoproscaline, among others, shedding light on the pharmacological profile of Escaline.
Effects and Pharmacology
The effects of Escaline were delineated by Alexander Shulgin in his seminal work, "PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story." Shulgin outlines the dosage range of Escaline orally as 40 mg to 60 mg, with a duration of action spanning 8–12 hours. He notes that Escaline differs from mescaline in terms of quicker onset (within the first hour) and the absence of nausea. Nevertheless, the overall time course and qualitative experience closely resemble that of mescaline.
This elucidation offers a comprehensive understanding of Escaline, underscoring its significance in the realm of synthetic psychedelics.
Chemistry of Escaline
Molecular Structure
Escaline, scientifically termed as 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, belongs to the substituted phenethylamine family. Its molecular structure comprises a phenyl ring linked to an amino -NH2 group via an ethyl chain. Notably, Escaline features two methoxy functional groups (CH3O-) attached to carbons R3 and R5, along with an additional ethoxy group at carbon R4 of the phenyl ring. It stands as the 4-ethoxy analog of mescaline, showcasing structural similarities with its parent compound.
Pharmacology of Escaline
Serotonergic Activity
Escaline exhibits agonist activity primarily at the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor, surpassing that of mescaline by a factor of 5-8 times. This heightened affinity suggests a potent interaction with the serotonergic system. As a partial agonist at the 5-HT2A receptor, Escaline is implicated in eliciting psychedelic effects. However, the precise mechanisms underlying these interactions and their correlation with the psychedelic experience remain subjects of ongoing research and inquiry.
Subjective Effects of Escaline
Comparative Analysis with Mescaline
In contrast to mescaline, Escaline tends to evoke more pronounced negative physical side effects, exhibit less profound cognitive insights, and manifest simpler visual effects.
Disclaimer
The effects mentioned below are sourced from the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), which relies on anecdotal user reports and personal analyses of contributors on PsychonautWiki. Therefore, readers are advised to approach these descriptions with a degree of skepticism.
It's essential to acknowledge that these effects may not manifest consistently or predictably across individuals. However, higher doses are more likely to induce the complete range of effects. Additionally, as doses increase, the likelihood of adverse effects, such as addiction, severe injury, or fatality, also escalates.
Dosage Guidelines for Escaline
Threshold Dose
- The threshold dose for Escaline is approximately 20 mg.
Light Dose
- A light dose of Escaline typically ranges from 30 to 50 mg.
Common Dose
- The common dosage of Escaline falls between 50 to 100 mg.
Strong Dose
- Users may experience strong effects with doses ranging from 100 to 150 mg.
Heavy Dose
- Doses exceeding 150 mg are considered heavy and may lead to intense psychedelic experiences.
Effects of Escaline
Physical Effects
- Escaline is associated with more intense negative physical side effects compared to mescaline, often leading to a synthetic and unnatural sensation.
- Stimulation
- Spontaneous physical sensations
- Tactile enhancement
- Bodily control enhancement
- Stamina enhancement
- Increased heart rate
- Nausea
- Pupil dilation
- Muscle contractions
Visual Effects
- Escaline can induce various visual enhancements and distortions.
- Enhancements:
- Acuity enhancement
- Color enhancement
- Pattern recognition enhancement
- Distortions:
- Drifting (melting, flowing, breathing, and morphing)
- Tracers
- After images
- Symmetrical texture repetition
- Color shifting
- Scenery slicing
- Geometry
- Hallucinatory states
- Transformations
- Internal hallucination (autonomous entities, settings, sceneries, landscapes, perspective hallucinations, scenarios, and plots)
- External hallucination (autonomous entities, settings, sceneries, landscapes, perspective hallucinations, scenarios, and plots)
- Enhancements:
Cognitive Effects
- While typical psychedelic cognitive effects are present with escaline, they are noted to be less insightful and shorter-lasting compared to classical psychedelics like mescaline, magic mushrooms, or LSD.
- Increased music appreciation
- Thought acceleration
- Thought connectivity
- Novelty enhancement
- Time distortion
- Déjà vu
- Personal bias suppression
- Conceptual thinking
- Immersion enhancement
- Memory suppression
- Ego death
- Delusion
- Suggestibility enhancement
- Increased sense of humor
- Laughter fits
- Mindfulness
- Wakefulness
Auditory Effects
- Escaline may induce auditory enhancements, distortions, and hallucinations.
Transpersonal Effects
- Escaline experiences may involve transpersonal effects such as existential self-realization, unity, and interconnectedness.
Toxicity and Harm Potential
Escaline's toxicity and long-term health effects have not been extensively studied in scientific contexts due to its status as a research chemical with limited human usage history. Anecdotal evidence suggests no significant negative health effects at low to moderate doses used sparingly, but caution is advised. Harm reduction practices should always be employed.
Tolerance and Addiction Potential
Escaline is not considered habit-forming, and its usage may even decrease over time. Tolerance to its effects develops rapidly after ingestion, with a reduction to half after approximately three days and returning to baseline within seven days in the absence of further consumption. Escaline also induces cross-tolerance with other psychedelics, reducing their effects.
Dangerous Interactions
Combining escaline with certain substances can pose significant risks, including psychosis, seizures, and other adverse psychological reactions. Users should exercise caution and conduct thorough research to ensure the safety of any substance combination.
Legal Status
Escaline's legal status varies by country:
- Germany: Controlled under the NpSG.
- Japan: A controlled substance.
- Switzerland: Controlled under Verzeichnis E.
- United Kingdom: Illegal under the Psychoactive Substance Act.
- United States: Unscheduled, but may be illegal under the Federal Analogue Act.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is Escaline?
Escaline, or 3,5-dimethoxy-4-ethoxyphenethylamine, is a synthetic psychedelic substance belonging to the phenethylamine chemical class. It shares structural similarities with mescaline and produces psychedelic effects when administered.
2. How is Escaline synthesized?
Escaline was first synthesized and reported in the scientific literature in 1954. It was later further examined in the laboratory of David E. Nichols, who prepared a series of mescaline analogues, including Escaline.
3. What are the effects of Escaline?
The effects of Escaline include physical sensations, visual enhancements and distortions, cognitive alterations, auditory effects, and transpersonal experiences. However, compared to other classical psychedelics, such as mescaline or LSD, its cognitive effects are noted to be less insightful and shorter-lasting.
4. What are the recommended dosages for Escaline?
Dosages for Escaline vary depending on the desired intensity of effects:
- Threshold: 20 mg
- Light: 30 - 50 mg
- Common: 50 - 100 mg
- Strong: 100 - 150 mg
- Heavy: 150 mg and above
5. Is Escaline safe to use?
The safety of Escaline has not been extensively studied, and anecdotal evidence suggests varying experiences. Users should exercise caution, employ harm reduction practices, and conduct thorough research before use.
6. What are the potential dangers of combining Escaline with other substances?
Combining Escaline with certain substances, such as lithium, cannabis, stimulants, or tramadol, can pose significant risks, including psychosis, seizures, and adverse psychological reactions.
7. What is the legal status of Escaline?
The legal status of Escaline varies by country, with some countries classifying it as a controlled substance, while others have no specific regulations regarding its use. Users should familiarize themselves with local laws and regulations before obtaining or using Escaline.
To prepare the content, the following materials were used:
- FDA Substance Registration System
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
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