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Table of Contents
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Understanding Methoxphenidine
- History and Culture
- Chemistry
- Pharmacology
- Dosage Guidelines
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Effects of Methoxphenidine
- Physical Effects
- Visual Effects
- Cognitive Effects
- Auditory Effects
- After Effects
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Toxicity and Harm Potential
- Lack of Scientific Study
- Anecdotal Reports
- Harm Reduction Practices
- Dependence, Abuse Potential, and Tolerance
- Dangerous Interactions
-
Legal Status of Methoxphenidine
- International Regulations
Understanding Methoxphenidine (2-MXP or MXP)
Introduction to Methoxphenidine
Methoxphenidine, also known as 2-MXP or MXP, falls under the category of lesser-known novel dissociative substances within the diarylethylamine class. Structurally, it bears resemblance to diphenidine and ephenidine. Pharmacologically, it acts as an NMDA antagonist, yielding subjective effects akin to those produced by ketamine and phencyclidine (PCP).
Research and Applications
Studies involving Methoxphenidine have explored its potential as a treatment for neurotoxic injuries, often alongside other diarylethylamines [2][3][4][5][6]. Following the 2013 U.K. arylcyclohexylamine ban, reports of human recreational use surfaced. This coincided with its emergence, alongside diphenidine, in powder and tablet forms on online research chemical markets. Despite being marketed as a substitute for the popular methoxetamine (MXE), evidence supporting similar effects is lacking.
Subjective Effects and Risks
Users report experiencing depersonalization, disconnective effects, enhanced conceptual thinking, elevated music appreciation, and euphoria. Methoxphenidine, like other substances in its class, can induce a hallucinogenic state termed "dissociative anesthesia," characterized by a sense of detachment from one's body.
Pharmacological Profile and Safety Concerns
Limited data exists regarding Methoxphenidine's pharmacological properties, metabolism, and toxicity. Its history of human usage is also scarce. Both fatal and non-fatal overdoses have been attributed to the abuse of diarylethylamines. User reports indicate potential differences in risks compared to traditional dissociatives.
Harm Reduction Practices
Given the lack of comprehensive understanding and potential risks associated with Methoxphenidine use, it is strongly recommended to employ harm reduction practices when considering its consumption.
Understanding Methoxphenidine: History and Culture
Designer Drug Dynamics
Methoxphenidine serves as a prime example of a designer drug deliberately engineered to mimic the functional or structural characteristics of commonly used illicit substances, thereby circumventing government regulations.
The Chemistry of Methoxphenidine
Structural Composition
Methoxphenidine, also known as 2-MeO-Diphenidine, is a synthetic compound classified within the diarylethylamine class. Its chemical structure features a substituted phenethylamine skeleton with an additional phenyl ring bound to Rα. The terminal amino group of the phenethylamine chain is integrated into a piperidine ring, placing methoxphenidine in the piperidine dissociative class of compounds.
Analogous Structure
As a structural analog of diphenidine, methoxphenidine presents a methoxy group at the two-position of a phenyl group.
Pharmacological Insights into Methoxphenidine
NMDA Receptor Antagonism
Methoxphenidine functions as an antagonist of the NMDA receptor. NMDA receptors facilitate the transmission of electrical signals between neurons in the brain and spinal column, requiring an open receptor for signal passage. Dissociatives such as methoxphenidine close NMDA receptors by obstructing them. This neural disconnection leads to sensations of numbness, impaired movement, and eventually an experience akin to the "k-hole."
Potential Additional Actions
Although not formally studied, the reported feelings of physical and emotional euphoria among users suggest potential actions as a dopamine and/or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor.
Subjective Effects of Methoxphenidine
It's important to note that like other diaryethylamines, methoxphenidine is reported to exhibit a more rapid onset and shorter half-life when vaporized or smoked. Vaporization under excessive heat is suspected to be carcinogenic. User reports indicate that vaporization may require as little as 20% of a common oral dose.
Disclaimer: The effects listed below draw from the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), a research literature based on anecdotal user reports and personal analyses of contributors to PsychonautWiki. As such, they should be approached with a degree of skepticism.
It's also crucial to understand that these effects may not occur predictably or reliably, though higher doses are more likely to induce the full spectrum of effects. Additionally, higher doses increase the likelihood of adverse effects, including addiction, severe injury, or death.
Methoxphenidine Dosage Guidelines
Threshold Dose
- Threshold: 30 mg
Light Dose
- Light: 50 - 75 mg
Common Dose
- Common: 75 - 120 mg
Strong Dose
- Strong: 120 - 150 mg
Exploring the Physical and Visual Effects of Methoxphenidine
Physical Effects
- Tactile Disconnection: Allows conscious control over physical disconnection, akin to DXM.
- Pain Relief
- Spontaneous Physical Sensations: Characterized by a pleasurable vibrating sensation.
- Tactile Suppression: Numbs extremities, acting as an anaesthetic.
- Motor Control Loss: Impairs balance and coordination, necessitating caution.
- Euphoria: Ranges from mild pleasure to profound bliss.
- Perception of Bodily Lightness: Creates a sensation of weightlessness, encouraging physical activity.
- Dizziness: Occasional reports under the influence of MXP.
- Physical Autonomy
- Spatial Disorientation
- Orgasm Suppression
- Gait Alteration
Visual Effects
- Visual Disconnection: Leads to MXP's version of the "K-hole," involving voids and structures.
- Double Vision: Common at moderate to heavy doses.
- Pattern Recognition Suppression: Hinders visual interpretation.
- Frame Rate Suppression
- Distortions: Including perspective distortions, environmental cubism, orbism, and scenery slicing.
- Geometry
- Hallucinatory States: Internal hallucinations at high doses, less consistent than other psychedelics.
Understanding the Cognitive Effects of Methoxphenidine
Cognitive Effects
- Depersonalization
- Derealization
- Dream Potentiation
- Consciousness Disconnection
- Thought Acceleration
- Memory Suppression
- Ego Death
- Thought Deceleration
- Increased Music Appreciation
- Analysis Suppression
- Time Distortion: Feelings of time dilation, common at moderate to strong doses.
- Euphoria
- Conceptual Thinking
- Anxiety Suppression
- Disinhibition
- Amnesia
Auditory Effects and After Effects of Methoxphenidine
Auditory Effects
- Suppression
- Distortions: Lagged frame rate, echoing syllables at heavy doses.
- Hallucinations: Audial time dilation, processing sounds with delay at moderate to heavy doses.
After Effects
The afterglow of Methoxphenidine, experienced within 24 hours post-experience, is often described as euphoric, rejuvenating, and mentally calming, accompanied by a heightened appreciation for music.
Understanding the Toxicity and Harm Potential of Methoxphenidine
Lack of Scientific Study
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational Methoxphenidine (MXP) use have not been extensively studied in scientific contexts. Due to its limited history of human usage, the exact toxic dosage remains unknown.
Anecdotal Reports
Anecdotal reports from individuals who have experimented with MXP suggest that low to moderate doses used sparingly do not appear to elicit negative health effects when used alone. However, caution should always be exercised, and independent research is crucial, especially when considering combinations with other substances.
Harm Reduction Practices
It is strongly recommended to employ harm reduction practices when consuming Methoxphenidine or any other psychoactive substance to mitigate potential risks.
Dependence, Abuse Potential, and Tolerance
Addiction Potential
Chronic use of Methoxphenidine, like other NMDA receptor antagonists, can lead to moderate addiction potential and psychological dependence in certain users. Cravings and withdrawal effects may occur upon abrupt cessation of usage.
Tolerance Development
Prolonged and repeated use of Methoxphenidine results in tolerance development, necessitating larger doses to achieve desired effects. Tolerance reduction typically takes 3 to 7 days to halve and 1 to 2 weeks to return to baseline without further consumption. Cross-tolerance with other dissociatives is observed, diminishing their effects.
Dangerous Interactions
Depressants
Combining MXP with depressants such as alcohol or opioids can potentiate sedation, respiratory depression, and the risk of unconsciousness, posing a danger of suffocation.
Stimulants
Mixing MXP with stimulants like cocaine or MDMA can heighten anxiety, delusions, and psychotic episodes, increasing the risk of adverse mental health effects.
Dissociatives
Combining MXP with other dissociatives can lead to unpredictable effects, including amnesia, sedation, and loss of motor control, potentially resulting in dangerous respiratory depression.
Legal Status of Methoxphenidine
International Regulations
- Canada: Classified as a Schedule I controlled substance, carrying penalties of up to 7 years imprisonment without legal authorization.
- China: Controlled substance as of October 2015.
- Germany: Illegal for production and sale under NpSG; possession and import for self-consumption may not be penalized.
- Italy: Prohibited substance.
- Sweden: Prohibited substance.
- Switzerland: Controlled substance under Verzeichnis E.
- Turkey: Illegal to possess, produce, supply, or import.
- United Kingdom: Illegal under the Psychoactive Substance Act.
- United States: Not currently scheduled, but possession may be subject to prosecution under certain circumstances, such as intent to sell or consume.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about Methoxphenidine
Q: What is Methoxphenidine (MXP)?
A: Methoxphenidine, also known as 2-MXP or MXP, is a dissociative substance belonging to the diarylethylamine class, with effects similar to ketamine and PCP.
Q: Is Methoxphenidine safe to use?
A: The safety of Methoxphenidine has not been extensively studied, and its long-term effects are unknown. Users should exercise caution, conduct independent research, and employ harm reduction practices.
Q: What are the effects of Methoxphenidine?
A: Methoxphenidine can induce a range of physical, visual, cognitive, and auditory effects, including dissociation, euphoria, hallucinations, and altered perception of time.
Q: Is Methoxphenidine addictive?
A: Chronic use of Methoxphenidine can lead to psychological dependence and addiction, with users experiencing cravings and withdrawal effects upon cessation of use.
Q: What are the dangerous interactions of Methoxphenidine?
A: Methoxphenidine can interact dangerously with depressants, stimulants, and other dissociatives, potentially leading to respiratory depression, psychosis, and other adverse effects.
Q: What is the legal status of Methoxphenidine?
A: The legal status of Methoxphenidine varies by country, with some countries banning its production, sale, and possession, while others have stricter regulations or no specific laws regarding its use.
To prepare the content, the following materials were used:
- FDA Substance Registration System
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
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