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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

   • Overview of Myristicin
   • Sources of Myristicin

2. Chemistry

   • Chemical Structure of Myristicin
   • Related Compounds

3. Pharmacology

   • Metabolism of Myristicin
   • Mechanism of Action
   • Interaction with Serotonin and MAO

4. Elemicin

   • Role in Nutmeg
   • Psychoactive Properties

5. Cannabinoids

   • Interaction with Endocannabinoid System
   • Key Compounds

6. Dosage

   • Light
   • Common
   • Strong
   • Heavy

7. Subjective Effects

   • General Overview
   • Physical Effects
   • Visual Effects
   • Cognitive Effects
   • Auditory Effects
   • Aftereffects

8. Experience Reports

   • Anecdotal Reports
   • Additional Resources

9. Forms of Myristicin

   • Ground Nutmeg Powder
   • Whole Nutmeg
   • Pure Myristicin

10. Toxicity and Harm Potential

    • Neurotoxicity
    • Dehydration and Side Effects

11. Dependence and Abuse Potential

    • Addictive Properties
    • Tolerance Information

12. Dangerous Interactions

    • Stimulants
    • Alcohol
    • Opioids
    • Benzodiazepines
    • DXM
    • DPH
    • Depressants
    • Serotonin Releasers

13. Legal Status

    • Global Perspective
    • United Kingdom Specifics

Myristicin: A Detailed Overview

Introduction to Myristicin

Myristicin is a naturally-occurring deliriant substance belonging to the phenylpropene class. It is primarily found in small amounts in the essential oil of nutmeg and, to a lesser extent, in other spices such as parsley and dill.

Pharmacological Properties

Myristicin acts as an anticholinergic in high doses and has been shown to interact with the endocannabinoid system. These interactions suggest that myristicin has complex effects on the human body and mind.

Psychoactive Constituents of Nutmeg

Myristicin, along with elemicin, is believed to be the main psychoactive constituent of nutmeg. This combination of compounds is responsible for nutmeg's potential psychoactive effects. Additionally, myristicin is the traditional precursor for the synthesis of the psychedelic and empathogenic drug MMDA.

Effects of Nutmeg Intoxication

Nutmeg consumption has been reported to induce hallucinogenic effects, including visual distortions and paranoid ideation. Reports indicate that nutmeg intoxication takes several hours to reach its peak effects, with these effects and after-effects lasting up to several days.

Composition and Dosage

Raw nutmeg consists of 5-15% essential oil by mass. Within this essential oil, myristicin comprises 4-8.5%, translating to 0.2-1.3% of the total mass of raw nutmeg. One study found that 20 grams of nutmeg contained approximately 210 mg of myristicin.

Considerations and Harm Reduction

It is important to note that the dosages discussed are based on the use of nutmeg powder and not pure myristicin, which is extremely uncommon. For those considering using nutmeg for its psychoactive effects, it is highly advised to employ harm reduction practices to mitigate potential risks.

Chemistry of Myristicin

Myristicin, scientifically known as 3-methoxy,4,5-methylenedioxyallylbenzene, is a naturally occurring substance that belongs to the phenylpropene chemical class. The structure of myristicin includes a methylenedioxy ring at carbons R4 and R5 of the benzene ring. Additionally, the benzene ring is substituted with a methoxy group at the R3 carbon and an allyl chain at R6, forming the primary phenylpropene group.

Pharmacology of Myristicin

Metabolism and Speculations

In 1963, Alexander Shulgin hypothesized that myristicin could be metabolized in the liver to MMDA, a psychoactive drug related to MDA. However, this hypothesis is unlikely as no amphetamine metabolites were detected in urine following the ingestion of myristicin.

Mechanism of Action

Myristicin is believed to have anticholinergic properties because it produces effects similar to those of anticholinergics when overdosed. Despite this, the exact mechanism of action has not been conclusively established. Myristicin is also identified as a serotonin receptor antagonist and acts as a weak MAO inhibitor.

Elemicin

Elemicin is another compound found in nutmeg, contributing to its hallucinogenic effects along with myristicin. It likely has similar effects to myristicin and is traditionally used as a precursor in the synthesis of the alkaloid mescaline.

Cannabinoid-Related Compounds in Nutmeg

While no compounds in nutmeg directly bind to CB1 or CB2 receptors, three compounds (Malabaricone C, Licarin A, and 5-Methoxylicarin A) have been identified as endocannabinoid modulating agents. These compounds inhibit the enzymes FAAH and MAGL, influencing the endocannabinoid system.

Dosage Guidelines for Myristicin

Light Dosage

A light dosage of myristicin typically ranges between 50 and 200 mg. This amount is likely to produce mild effects that are less intense and more manageable for users.

Common Dosage

For a more noticeable effect, a common dosage is between 200 and 500 mg. This range is expected to produce moderate psychoactive effects and is generally suitable for those who have some experience with myristicin.

Strong Dosage

A strong dosage of myristicin falls between 500 and 800 mg. This level is likely to produce significant psychoactive effects, including possible visual distortions and other hallucinogenic experiences.

Heavy Dosage

A heavy dosage of myristicin is 800 mg or more. This high level can result in intense psychoactive effects and is typically associated with a higher risk of adverse reactions. Caution is advised at this dosage level, and it is recommended only for experienced users with a thorough understanding of the substance's effects and potential risks.

Subjective Effects of Myristicin

General Overview

Compared to other deliriants such as datura or diphenhydramine, myristicin's effects are generally milder and can be pleasant and euphoric, depending on the dose. Its effects are unique and distinguishable from other deliriants or hallucinogens. Myristicin has a long, smooth, and enjoyable come-up, with effects building in a manner similar to cannabis. Users have reported cannabis-like effects throughout the duration, likely due to myristicin's activity on cannabinoid receptors. However, at higher doses, the deliriant effects become more pronounced.

Disclaimer: The effects listed below are based on the Subjective Effect Index (SEI), which compiles anecdotal user reports and analyses by PsychonautWiki contributors. These reports should be viewed with a degree of skepticism as they are not scientifically validated.

Physical Effects

The physical effects of myristicin are usually mild and tolerable, differing from other deliriants. Depending on the dosage, they can be uncomfortable or pleasurable:

• Difficulty urinating / Frequent urination: Some users experience a sensation of a concrete block in the urethra conflicting with a frequent need to urinate. This effect may be dose-dependent.
• Dry mouth: Stronger than cannabis but weaker than other deliriants like datura.
• Dehydration: Nutmeg causes significant dehydration, which can exacerbate deliriant effects. Staying hydrated can mitigate these negative effects.
• Dizziness: Can be reduced by walking or drinking ginger tea.
• Nausea: Typically due to the unpleasant taste rather than the compounds themselves.
• Sedation: Very strong at higher doses, potentially leaving the user in a near-sleep state.
• Stimulation: Occurs at lower doses.
• Motor control loss: Similar to the effects of alcohol.
• Muscle relaxation: Similar to alcohol and tends to occur at lower doses.
• Perception of bodily heaviness: Comparable to alcohol.
• Photophobia
• Pupil dilation: Extremely rare, occurring at very high doses. Nutmeg is more likely to cause bloodshot eyes due to vasodilation.
• Spontaneous tactile sensations
• Tactile enhancement / suppression: Tactile enhancement at lower doses and suppression at higher doses.
• Tactile hallucination: Reported only at heavy doses.
• Gustatory enhancement: Similar to cannabis.
• Appetite enhancement: Similar to cannabis, leading to increased food consumption.
• Physical euphoria: Warm, calming sensations over the body, comparable to alcohol.
• Vasodilation: Increases with dosage, causing bloodshot eyes.
• Decreased blood pressure: Due to vasodilation, potentially resulting in dizziness.

Visual Effects

Myristicin can enhance or suppress visual stimuli based on factors like age, genetics, dehydration, combination with other spices, sleep deprivation, and placebo effects:

• Suppression:

  • Visual acuity suppression: Blurry vision, potentially lasting days after the experience.
  • Double vision
  • Pattern recognition suppression
  • Afterimages
  • Drifting: Objects appearing to breathe or change size.
  • Environmental patterning: Seeing lines around and inside objects.
  • Tracers: Intense at higher doses.
  • Frame rate suppression: Combined with time distortion, making media feel dissociative, similar to DXM.

• Enhancements:

  • Color enhancement: Slightly more vibrant visuals, with objects having a glow.

• Hallucinatory States:

  • External hallucinations: Autonomous entities, settings, sceneries, and scenarios. More frequent and defining feature at moderate to heavy doses.
  • Internal hallucinations: Autonomous entities, settings, and scenarios. Brief and spontaneous at moderate doses, becoming extended and all-encompassing with higher doses.
  • Peripheral information misinterpretation
  • Shadow people: Rare but possible with high doses and dehydration.

Cognitive Effects

Cognitive effects of myristicin are described as mildly euphoric but can be dysphoric, especially at higher doses, often causing moderate paranoia. Unique cognitive effects include:

• Amnesia
• Empathy, affection, and sociability enhancement
• Anxiety: At higher doses or suppression at lower doses in a positive setting.
• Confusion: More common at higher doses and with dehydration.
• Depersonalization and Derealization: Dream-like, anxiety-inducing due to unpleasant body load, similar to THC and synthetic cannabinoids.
• Emotion enhancement: Enhances both positive and negative feelings, influenced by set and setting.
• Euphoria
• Analysis suppression
• Language suppression
• Increased music appreciation
• Laughter: Similar to cannabis.
• Immersion enhancement: Similar to cannabis, with minimal increase at higher doses.
• Feelings of impending doom
• Focus suppression / enhancement: Depending on dose, user, dehydration, and genetic factors.
• Paranoia: Common at high doses.
• Psychosis: Common at strong doses.
• Sleepiness: Increases with dose.
• Suggestibility enhancement
• Time distortion: Mainly time expansion.
• Thought deceleration: Similar to cannabis.
• Thought disorganization: Similar to alcohol.

Auditory Effects

• Hallucinations: Tinnitus, noises, voices, or a static humming sound.
• Suppression: Distorted sound at higher doses or deep, angelic/ghost-like at lower doses.

Aftereffects

The hangover from nutmeg is generally intense, comparable to an alcohol hangover, primarily due to dehydration. Aftereffects include:

• Appetite suppression: Intense at high doses.
• Motivation enhancement / suppression
• Increased bodily temperature: Similar to alcohol.
• Constipation: Reduced by using oil extraction.
• Dry mouth
• Nausea
• Bodily pressures
• Photophobia
• Darker urine
• Physical fatigue
• Cognitive fatigue
• Analysis suppression
• Thought deceleration
• Dehydration: Main cause of the hangover.
• Anxiety
• Stomach bloating / cramp: Reduced by using oil extraction.

Experience Reports

Anecdotal reports describing the effects of myristicin include:

• Experience with various oil combinations (cinnamon bark oil, German chamomile oil, nutmeg oil).
• Experiences with large quantities of nutmeg (e.g., 4 tablespoons).
• Experiences involving parental introduction and musical influences.

Forms of Myristicin

Myristicin is found in nutmeg, nutmeg essential oil, and to a lesser extent in parsley, dill, and other plants.

• Ground nutmeg powder: Commonly sold in supermarkets as a spice. Dosages vary due to potency degradation.

  • Light: 5 - 15g
  • Common: 15 - 20g
  • Strong: 20 - 30g
  • Heavy: 30g+

• Whole nutmeg: Sold in most places as a spice.

  • Light: 2 - 5g
  • Common: 5 - 15g
  • Strong: 15 - 20g
  • Heavy: 20g+

• Pure myristicin: Extracted from nutmeg powder by fractional distillation.

  • Light: 50 - 200mg
  • Common: 200 - 500mg
  • Strong: 500 - 800mg
  • Heavy: 800mg+

Toxicity and Harm Potential

Myristicin is neurotoxic and can be fatal in extremely high doses. It also causes severe dehydration, exacerbating side effects.

Dependence and Abuse Potential

Myristicin is not known to be addictive, and the desire to use it typically decreases with use. Information regarding tolerance is unknown.

Dangerous Interactions

Combining myristicin with certain substances can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening. Known interactions include:

• Stimulants: Increase strain on the cardiovascular system.
• Alcohol: Risk of respiratory depression with large amounts.
• Opioids: Risk of respiratory depression with large amounts.
• Benzodiazepines: [citation needed]
• DXM: Highly risky, generally considered dangerous.
• DPH: Cardiotoxic, potentially fatal when combined.
• Depressants: Risk of respiratory depression.
• Serotonin releasers (e.g., MDMA, 4-FA, methamphetamine): Risk of serotonin syndrome.

Legal Status

Myristicin and nutmeg are unscheduled in nearly all parts of the world and commonly sold as ground spice, essential oil, or whole nuts.

• United Kingdom: Legal to purchase as a spice, but recreational use or extraction of myristicin is illegal.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is myristicin?

Myristicin is a naturally occurring deliriant substance from the phenylpropene class, found in small amounts in the essential oil of nutmeg and other spices such as parsley and dill.

What are the chemical properties of myristicin?

Myristicin is known chemically as 3-methoxy, 4,5-methylenedioxyallylbenzene. It features a methylenedioxy ring at carbons R4 and R5 of the benzene ring, a methoxy group at R3, and an allyl chain at R6.

How does myristicin affect the body?

Myristicin is believed to act as an anticholinergic in high doses and is also thought to influence the endocannabinoid system. Its exact mechanism of action is not well established.

What are the effects of myristicin?

Myristicin can produce mild, euphoric effects similar to cannabis, including sedation, physical euphoria, and mild hallucinations. At higher doses, deliriant effects become more pronounced.

What are the recommended dosages for myristicin?

• Light: 50 - 200 mg
• Common: 200 - 500 mg
• Strong: 500 - 800 mg
• Heavy: 800 mg +

What are the potential risks of using myristicin?

Myristicin is neurotoxic and can be fatal in extremely high doses. It also causes severe dehydration, which can exacerbate negative side effects.

Can myristicin be addictive?

Myristicin is not known to be addictive, and the desire to use it typically decreases with use. Information regarding tolerance is unknown.

Are there any dangerous interactions with myristicin?

Yes, combining myristicin with stimulants, alcohol, opioids, benzodiazepines, DXM, DPH, depressants, or serotonin releasers can be dangerous and potentially life-threatening.

Is myristicin legal?

Myristicin and nutmeg are unscheduled in most parts of the world and are commonly sold as ground spice, essential oil, or whole nuts. In the UK, while purchasing nutmeg as a spice is legal, recreational use or extraction of myristicin is against the law.