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Table of Contents
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Introduction
- Chemistry of Benzydamine
- Pharmacology of Benzydamine
- Dosage of Benzydamine
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Recreational Use and Effects
- Subjective Effects
- Toxicity and Harm Potential
- Extraction Process
- Legal Status
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Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
- What is the chemical formula of benzydamine?
- What are the common dosage ranges for benzydamine?
- What are the physical, visual, cognitive, and auditory effects of benzydamine?
- Is benzydamine legal?
- How is benzydamine extracted for recreational use?
Benzydamine: A Dual-Purpose Compound
Introduction to Benzydamine
Benzydamine, known by trade names such as Difflam or Tantum Verde, belongs to the indazole chemical class and serves as a topical anaesthetic. While primarily used in small doses in over-the-counter products for treating sore throats, it holds additional applications, particularly in regions such as Germany, Arabic Countries, and Poland. Here, it is marketed as a vaginal douching agent under the brand name Tantum Rosa, expanding its utility beyond its common usage.
Accessibility and Distribution
The accessibility of benzydamine extends globally, facilitated by online platforms like eBay, where it is readily available for purchase. This ease of access underscores its versatile nature and widespread availability, transcending geographical boundaries.
Recreational Use and Psychoactive Effects
Alternatively, benzydamine serves as more than a medicinal compound. In high doses, it manifests as a potent psychoactive hallucinogen, offering recreational avenues beyond its intended medical use. This alternate application, however, brings forth unique effects, as it acts as a deliriant and central nervous system (CNS) stimulant.
Reported Instances of Recreational Use
Instances of benzydamine's recreational use have been documented primarily among teenagers in various countries, including Poland, Brazil, and Romania. Such reports shed light on its emergence as a substance of interest within certain demographics, highlighting the need for awareness and education regarding its potential risks and effects.
By delving into both its medicinal and recreational facets, the multifaceted nature of benzydamine becomes apparent, underlining the importance of understanding its diverse applications and implications.
Chemistry of Benzydamine
Chemical Structure
Benzydamine, with the chemical formula C19H23N3O, is a synthetic compound classified under the indazole chemical class. Indazoles are characterized by their bicyclic structure, composed of a benzene and pyrazole ring fused together. In benzydamine, the indazole group undergoes specific substitutions:
- At the R1 position, a benzyl group (C6H5CH2-) replaces one carbon atom in the benzene ring of the indazole group.
- At the R3 position, an ether chain comprises an oxygen atom bonded to a propyl amine group, a chain consisting of three carbon atoms and one nitrogen atom, with the nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms (NH2).
- The terminal amine group of the propyl amine chain (RN) is substituted with two methyl groups (CH3).
Thus, the final chemical structure is 3-(1-benzylindazol-3-yl)oxy-N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine.
Formation as a Hydrochloride Salt
Benzydamine is typically produced as a hydrochloride salt, where a hydrochloric acid molecule (HCl) is added to the benzydamine molecule, forming a salt. This hydrochloride salt form is commonly utilized in pharmaceutical formulations due to its improved solubility in water and enhanced stability compared to the free base form of benzydamine.
Pharmacology of Benzydamine
Local Anaesthetic and Anti-inflammatory Properties
Benzydamine functions as a locally acting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) with local anaesthetic and analgesic properties. Unlike other NSAIDs, it does not inhibit cyclooxygenase or lipooxygenase enzymes and does not induce ulcers.
Psychoactive Effects and Pharmacological Mechanisms
The hallucinogenic effects of benzydamine remain largely unexplored, with speculation surrounding its pharmacological mechanisms. Studies suggest its powerful reinforcing effect, especially in animals with prior substance experience, indicating potential cross sensitization with other drugs of abuse. Benzydamine dose-dependently affects synaptic transmission, suggesting a presynaptic mechanism of action. Additionally, its Long Term Depression (LTD)-like responses in certain brain circuits are influenced by the cannabinoid receptor antagonist AM251, hinting at a possible cannabinoidergic mechanism.
Subjective Effects and Toxicity
Physical, Visual, Cognitive, and Auditory Effects
Benzydamine induces a range of subjective effects, including stimulation, abnormal heartbeat, tactile suppression, hallucinations, time distortion, and paranoia. Its consumption may lead to physical symptoms such as dehydration, dizziness, and increased heart rate, while cognitive effects may include anxiety, euphoria, delirium, and psychosis.
Toxicity and Harm Potential
The toxicity and long-term health effects of recreational benzydamine use are poorly understood due to limited scientific research. However, caution is warranted due to potential kidney damage from consuming large amounts of salt found in certain products containing benzydamine. Responsible use and further research are encouraged to mitigate potential risks associated with its consumption.
Extraction and Legal Status
Extraction Process and Legal Availability
Benzydamine is commonly extracted from products like Tantum Rosa, available online. The extraction process involves removing excessive salt content to ensure safe consumption. Despite its psychoactive properties, benzydamine remains legal and accessible in over-the-counter preparations in most regions globally.
Dosage of Benzydamine
Threshold Dosage
The threshold dose of benzydamine, the amount required to elicit a discernible effect, is approximately 150 milligrams.
Light Dosage
At light doses, users typically consume between 300 to 500 milligrams of benzydamine.
Common Dosage
A common dosage range for benzydamine falls between 500 to 1000 milligrams.
Strong Dosage
Strong doses of benzydamine range from 1000 to 2000 milligrams, where the effects become notably intense.
Heavy Dosage
A heavy dose of benzydamine exceeds 2000 milligrams and may lead to profoundly intense effects.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
What is the chemical formula of benzydamine?
Benzydamine has the chemical formula C19H23N3O.
What are the common dosage ranges for benzydamine?
- Threshold: 150 mg
- Light: 300 - 500 mg
- Common: 500 - 1000 mg
- Strong: 1000 - 2000 mg
- Heavy: 2000 mg +
What are the physical, visual, cognitive, and auditory effects of benzydamine?
Physical effects may include stimulation, abnormal heartbeat, tactile suppression, and dehydration. Visual effects may encompass hallucinations, visual acuity suppression, drifting, and object alterations. Cognitive effects may involve anxiety, euphoria, delirium, time distortion, and paranoia. Auditory effects may include hallucinations and distortion.
Is benzydamine legal?
Benzydamine is legal and available in over-the-counter preparations in most parts of the world.
How is benzydamine extracted for recreational use?
Benzydamine is commonly extracted from products like Tantum Rosa, available online. The extraction process involves removing excessive salt content to ensure safe consumption.
To prepare the content, the following materials were used:
- FDA Substance Registration System
- Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine. 28 August 2008. Retrieved 22 August 2014. 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
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